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The beauty of stone is jade. About 9000 years ago, jade and Chinese ancestors have established a close relationship. Since then, Yucheng has become the symbol of divine power and kingship, the medium of communication between heaven and earth, and the embodiment of hierarchy. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, with Confucianism as the representative, jade culture has become one of the important cores of Chinese civilization.

In the Han Dynasty, jade was worshipped and valued. Jade became the carrier of etiquette and communication, the tool of life and decoration, the model of morality and conduct, and the tool for people to pursue immortality.

Pengcheng was the political center at the turn of the Qin and Han dynasties, and also the capital of the State of Chu and Pengcheng surnamed Liu in the Han Dynasty. A large number of high-level tombs, including the tombs of King Chu and King Pengcheng, have been found around the urban area of Xuzhou today. Jade is one of the most valuable categories of unearthed cultural relics. The Han Dynasty jade unearthed in Xuzhou has a large quantity, complete categories and high quality, representing the highest level of the Han Dynasty jade.

Unit 1 Use of auspicious utensils - jade for etiquette

Jade sacrificial vessels have been inherited from the Neolithic Age and are mainly used for sacrificial ceremonies, court appointments, and alliances. People of different levels hold different jades. The ritual jade of the Han Dynasty continued the tradition of the Zhou Dynasty, but it was not so strict, and the shape of the jade was also reduced.

Unit 2 Jade contains luxury -- jade for life

Beautiful jade is an indispensable thing in the life of aristocrats in the Han Dynasty. The palace is decorated with various jade articles, and living utensils are also made of jade. This kind of jade is exquisite in material selection, exquisite in shape, bold or restrained in shape, straight or soft in line, and complex or simple in decoration, which is an important embodiment of the artistic achievements of the Han Dynasty.

Unit 3 Jade for decoration

"A gentleman is more virtuous than a jade", "a gentleman has no reason, and jade does not go away", jade has become the symbol of perfect personality and the highest standard of moral cultivation. Decorative jade is an important category of jade in the Han Dynasty. There are single pendants, complete sets of sets of pendants, as well as practical and decorative jade swords and other artifacts.

Unit 4 Jade for longevity -- funeral jade

The pursuit of immortality by nobles in the Han Dynasty was the most prosperous period for the use of burial jade, and formed a jade burial jade system with jade clothes as the core, including jade lacquer coffins, jade walls, jade pillows, nine-hole plugs, and jade grips. The early Western Han Dynasty was an important period for the production and development of jade clothing. Xuzhou unearthed the most jade clothing with various forms. Jade masks were also used in the aristocratic class of the State of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty. The jade clothing and jade mask reflect the hierarchical differences of the jade burial system in the Chu State of the Western Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, the use of jade clothing was not standardized enough. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the system of grading was formed by wearing metal wire with jade pieces.